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Author Archives: Karen Baston
Timeline: Natural Law in Scotland, 1700-1749
Date |
Publication, Appointment, Lecture, or Other Event |
---|---|
1705 | William Cockburn, A letter from Mr. Cockburn to the Right Honourable John of Roxburgh, one of the principal secretaries of state for the Kingdom of Scotland (Edinburgh) |
1706 | Samuel Pufendorf, Le devoirs de l’homme et du citoyen, tels qu’ils lui sont prescrits par la loi naturelle, tr. J. Barberac (Amsterdam) |
1707 | William Scott (ed.), Hugonis Grotii de jure belli ac pacis librorum III. Compendium, annotationibus & commentaries selectis illustratum. In usum studisae juventutis Academiae Edinensis (Edinburgh) |
1707 | First Regius Professor of the Law of Nature and Nations at Edinburgh, Charles Areskine (-1734); inaugural lecture on ‘God as the Fountain of Law’ |
1707 | Samuel Pufendorf, Le droit de la nature des gens, ou system general des principes les plus importants de la monde, de la jurisprudence, et de las politique, tr. J. Barbeyrac, 2 vols (Amsterdam) |
1707 | Charles Areskine advertises class ‘on the Laws of Nature and Nations’ [Cairns, ‘First’*] |
1711 | Shaftesbury, Characteristicks of men, manners, opinions, times (London) |
1712 | ‘Gershom Carmichael‘s Account of His Teaching Method’ (manuscript) |
1718 | Samuel Pufendorf, De jure naturae et gentium. Abridgments S. Puffendorfii de officio hominis et civis, juxta legum naturalem libri duo. Editio nova, aucta observationibus & supplementis, … adjectis a Gerschomo Carmichael… (Glasgow) |
1721 | David Verner, Dissertatio philosophica, de passionibus sive affectibus, quam…in auditorio publico Academiciae Novae Abredonensis, ad diem [] Aprilis, propugnabunt, David Verner praeses, et hi candidati laurea magistreriali condonandi (Aberdeen) |
1722 | Patrick Hardie, Amplissimo ac ornatissimo domino D. Gulielmo Forbes de Craigievar &c. Equiti Baronetto almae hujus Academiae rectori magnifico, dignissimo, non minus propriis virtutibus quam generosa prosapiâ illustri. Theses hasce philosophicas in deditissimi affectus & perpetuae observantiae tesseram, D.D.C.Q. Patricius Hardie praeses et hi candidati laurea magisteriali condecorandi. … Qui A.D.O.M. theses hasce cum annexis publicè propugnabant, in Collegio Novo Universitatis Carolinae Abredonensis, ad 11 diem Aprilis, 1722. h.l.q.s (Aberdeen) |
1724 | Samuel Pufendorf, S. Puffendorfii De officio hominis et civis, juxta legem naturalem, libri duo. Supplementis & observationibus in academicæ juventutis usum auxit & illustravit Gerschomus Carmichael, Philosophiae in Academia Glasguensi Professor. Editio Secunda priore Auctior & Emendatior (Edinburgh) |
1726 | George Turnbull, Theses academicæ de pulcherrima mundi cum materialis tum rationalis constitutione quas; … sub præsidio Georgii Turnbull P.P, in auditorio publico Academiæ Novæ Abredonensis ad diem 14 Aprilis, … propugnabunt hi generosi adolescentes, ad gradum magisterialem laudabilite contendentes (Aberdeen) |
1727 | Gershom Carmichael, Professor of Moral Philosophy (-1729); uses Pufendorf, De officio homini et civis as his textbook |
1727 | Richard Cumberland, A treatise of the law of nature (London) |
1728 | Johann Gottieb Heineccius, Elementa philosophiae rationalis et moralis (Amsterdam) |
1730 | Francis Hutcheson ‘teaches Mr Carmichael‘s Compend on Puffendorf’ [More, ‘Presbyterianism’ 168*] |
1732 | Advocate John Lookup offers weekly ‘Prelections upon the Law of Nature and Nations’ [Cairns, ‘First’*] |
1734 | William Kirkpatrick becomes Regius Professor of the Law of Nature and Nations at Edinburgh (-1735); does not teach and gives up position in the next year to become an MP |
1735 | George Abercromby, becomes Regius Professor of the Law of Nature and Nations at Edinburgh (-1759); teaches using Grotius |
1738 | Grotius, The rights of war and peace, in three books…to which are added all the large notes of Mr. J. Barbeyrac (London) |
1739 | Hugh Blair, Dissertatio philosophica inauguralis, de fundamentis & obligatione legis naturæ: Quam, favente numine, ut in artibus liberalibus & disciplinis philosophicis magister rite renuncietur, ex auctoritate reverendi admodum viri, D. Gulielmi Wishart, S.T.D. academiæ Edinburgenæ præfecti: nec non amplissimi senatus academici. & nobilissima faculratis arrium, decreto, eruditorum examini, in auditorio publico academiæ, ad 23. diem Februarii, horâ 10. Antemeridianâ, subjiciet Hugo Blair, A. & R. (Edinburgh) |
1740 | George Turnbull, Theses Philosophicae de Scientiae Naturalis cum Philosophia Morali Conjunctione (Aberdeen) |
1740 | George Turnbull, The Principles of Moral Philosophy (London); contains material from graduation theses of 1726 and 1726 (Stewart 101*) |
1741 | J. G. Heineccius, A methodical system of universal law: or, The laws of nature and nations, deduced from certain principles, and applied to proper cases / written in Latin by the celebrated Jo. Got. Heineccius, counsellor of State to the King of Prussia, and professor of philosophy at Hall.; translated, and illustrated with notes and supplements, by George Turnbull LL. D. To which is added, a discourse upon the nature and origin of moral and civil laws ; in which they are deduced, by an analysis of the human mind in the experimental Way, from our internal principles and dispositions (London; new edn 1763) |
1741 | John Erskine, ‘The law of nature sufficiently promulgated to the heathens’ in Theological dissertations (London 1765) |
1742 | George Turnbull, Observations upon liberal education in all its branches (London) |
1742 | Francis Hutcheson, Philosophiae moralis institutio compendiaria, ethices & jurisprudentiae naturalis elementa continens (Glasgow) (2nd edn, 1753) |
1742 | Walter Anderson, Dissertatio philosophica inauguralis, de naturali hominum ad societatem propensione. Quam, favente numine, ut in artibus liberalibus & disciplinis philosophicis magister rite renuncietur, ex auctoritate reverendi admodum viri, D. Gulielmi Wishart, S.T.D. academiæ Edinburgenæ præfecti: nec non amplissimi senatus academici, & nobilissima faculratis arrium, decreto, eruditorum examini, in auditorio publico academiæ, ad 18 diem Martii, hora 10. Antemeridianâ, subjiciet Gualterus Anderson, A. & R. (Edinburgh) |
1746 | Thomas Craigie, professor of moral philosophy at Glasgow (-1751); uses Hutcheson’s Philosophiae moralis institution compendaria, ethicis & jursiprudentiae naturalis elementa continuen as his textbook |
1747 | Francis Hutcheson, A short introduction to moral philosophy, in three books; containing the elements of ethicks and the law of nature. By Francis Hutcheson, Lld. Late Professor of Philosophy in the University of Glasgow. Translated from the Latin (Glasgow) [Book II = Elements of the law of nature; Advice on studying addressed ‘To the Students in Universities’] |
1748 | Lord President of the Court of Session urges trainee advocates ‘to learn thoroughly the principles of the Roman Law and the Laws of Nature and Nations’ [Cairns, ‘First’*] |
1748 | J. J. Burlamaqui, The principles of natural law : in which the true systems of morality and civil government are established, and the different sentiments of Grotius, Hobbes, Puffendorf, Barbeyrac, Locke, Clark, and Hutchinson, occasionally considered (London) |
1749 | Samuel Pufendorf, Of the law of nature and nations…to which are now added, all the large notes of Mr. Barbeyrac, translated from his last and fourth edition (5th edn, London) |
*For references, see the Site Bibliography.
George Glennie (d. 1845)
About Glennie
- James Beattie‘s assistant, successor, and nephew-in-law
- Chair of moral philosophy at Aberdeen, 1795-1838
Publications, Manuscripts and other Resources
- [W Officer], ‘Lecture notes on moral philosophy, 1804-1805’ (AUL, MS 3787)
*For references, see the Site Bibliography.
James Dunbar (d. 1798)
About Dunbar
- At King’s College, Aberdeen 1765-1795
Teaching
- ‘Dunbar’s lectures comprised three principal elements: the philosophy of mind, in which he was greatly influenced by Thomas Reid; ethics, which saw him draw on Francis Hutcheson‘s idea of innate human sociability and a universal moral code based on natural benevolence; and political economy, a new subject at King’s and one influenced by Adam Smith‘s Wealth of Nations (1776).’ [ODNB*]
Publications, Manuscript, and other Resources
- J Dunbar, ‘Institutes of moral philosophy’ [1789-1794], University of Aberdeen, Special Collections MS 3107/5/2/6
*For references, see the Site Bibliography.
Gershom Carmichael (1672-1729)
Gershom Carmichael (1672-1729)
About Carmichael
- Regent at St Andrews, 1693
- Regent at Glasgow, 1694-1727
- Professor of Moral Philosophy at Glasgow, 1727-1729
Teaching
- Moral philosophy course ‘reoriented…around Pufendorf’s theories of natural law’ (Cairns, ‘Origins…Glasgow’ 157*)
- Used Pufendorf’s textbook De officio homini et civis as text for teaching moral philosophy (Cairns, ‘Ethics’ 166*)
- Discussed Locke’s theories and the social contract in his natural jurisprudence lectures (Wood, Aberdeen Enlightenment 181*)
Publications, Manuscripts and other Resources
- ‘… most important publication, an extended commentary on Samuel Pufendorf’s work on the duty of man and citizen, S[amuelis] Pufendorfii de officio hominis et civis juxta legem naturalem, libri duo. Supplementis et observationibus in academicae juventutis usum auxit et illustravit Gerschomus Carmichael (1724; first edn, 1718).’ (ODNB*)
- Pufendorf, Samuel, Freiherr von, De jure naturæ et gentium. Abridgments S. Puffendorfii de officio hominis et civis, juxta legem naturalem libri duo. Editio nova, aucta observationibus & supplementis, … adjectis a Gerschomo Carmichael … (Glasguæ: ex officina Donaldi Govan, 1718)
- Pufendorf, Samuel, Freiherr von, De jure naturæ et gentium. Abridgments S. Puffendorfii De officio hominis et civis, juxta legem naturalem, libri duo. Supplementis & observationibus in academicæ juventutis usum auxit & illustravit Gerschomus Carmichael, Philosophiae in Academia Glasguensi Professor. Editio Secunda priore Auctior & Emendatior (Edinburgi: typis Joannis Mosman & sociorum, impensis Joannis Paton Bibliopolae; & prostant venales apud officinam ejus in Area Parliamentaria, MDCCXXIV. [1724])
- University of Glasgow, Archives and Business Records Centre, account of Carmichael’s teaching, 43170
*For references, see the Site Bibliography.
James Mylne (1757-1839)
About Mylne
- Professor of moral philosophy at the University of Glasgow, 1797-1837
Publications, Manuscripts, and other Resources
- David Murray, ‘John Jardine. Lectures on Botany, 1795. James Mylne. Lectures on Moral Philosophy, 1799’ (University of Glasgow, Special Collections MS Murray 207)
- ‘Notes on Professor Mylne’s lectures on moral philosophy, Glasgow University, session 1815-16’ (Mitchell Library, Glasgow, MS 586134)
- ‘Notes taken from Mr. James Mylne’s lectures [on moral philosophy] (1820) Taken by Thomas Mackenzie’ (University of Glasgow, Special Collections MS Gen 466)
- ‘Notes of lectures on Moral Philosophy, delivered in the University of Glasgow, by James Mylne [c. 1829-30] taken by Charles Wicksteed’, 3 vols. (University of Glasgow, Special Collections MS Gen 97)
- ‘Notes, of James Mylne’s lectures by Robert Pollok’ [nd] (University of Glasgow, Special Collections MS Gen 1355.100-33)
*For references, see the Site Bibliography.
William Law (d. 1729)
About Law
- Regent at University of Edinburgh from 1690
- Chair of Moral Philosophy at University of Edinburgh from 1708
Teaching
- Taught natural law as a regent and continued to do so as a professor (Haakonssen, ‘Natural’ 262*)
Publications, Manuscripts and other Resources
- Dictates on ethics (1696), physics (1701), Annotationes in ontologgiam Gerrardi de Vries and Annotationes in pneumatologiam Gerrardi de Vries (1703-1704), and Annotationes in physicam generalem D. Joannis Clerici (1705) (University of Edinburgh, Centre for Research Collections, MSS Dc.7.79; Dc.8.43; Dc.8.53, ff. 43-119; Gen.71D)
- Adv. MS 22.7.4, ‘Lectures of Prof. William Law taken by William Haldane’ (1699-1700)’ [Including from f. 49 ‘Elementa Philsophia Moralis’] (Advocates Library, Edinburgh)
- MS Dc.8.53, ff. 42-119, ‘Dictates on Ethics (of William Law), taken down by John Smith, 1696’ (University of Edinburgh, Centre for Research Collections)
- MS La.III.152, ‘Dictates on Ethics (of William Law), taken down by Robert Clark, 1696’ (University of Edinburgh, Centre for Research Collections)
*For references, see the Site Bibliography.
William Cleghorn (1718-1754)
About Cleghorn
- Professor of moral philosophy at Edinburgh, 1745-1754
Publications, Manuscripts, and other Resources
- Student notes from his lectures, University of Edinburgh, Centre for Research Collection MSS Da.2.1p61 and Dc.3.3.6 (4 vols, taken down 1746-1747)
- W Cleghorn, The spirit and principles of the Whigs and Jacobites compared. Being the substance of a discourse delivered to an audience of gentlemen at Edinburgh, December 22, 1745 (London: printed for R. Dodsley in Pall-Mall, and sold by M. Cooper in Paternoster-Row, 1746)
*For references, see the Site Bibliography.
John Erskine (1695-1768), of Carnock
About Erskine
- Chair of Scots Law, Edinburgh, 1737-1765
Teaching
- Principles of the Law of Scotland combines Justinian’s Institute with Pufendorf’s natural law; ‘it was the introduction of generations of Scots lawyers to their legal system’ (ODNB*)
Publications, Manuscripts, and other Resources
- ‘Notes on lectures delivered by Erskine (1740): Sess. 1740-1’ [Apparently taken by Sir Gilbert Elliot, 3rd Bart of Minto], National Library of Scotland MS 3862
- Principles of the law of Scotland: in the order of Sir George Mackenzie’s institutions of that law (1754); 7th edn (1791) available from Google Books
*For references, see the Site Bibliography.
Thomas Craigie
About Craigie
- Professor of moral philosophy at Glasgow, 1746-1751
Teaching
- Used Francis Hutcheson’s Philosophiae moralis institutio compendiaria, ethicis & jurisprudentiae naturalis elementa continuen as his textbook (Ross, Life of Adam Smith 112*)
*For references, see the Site Bibliography.